Your Money: Cash Flow and Your Values

I are continually amazed when people (including other financial planning practitioners) talk about financial planning as though it is a purely mathematical exercise. Meetings are assumed to be about facts, statements, and rates, to which a tremendous amount of technical and academic expertise is applied. But you and your values? Those hopes and dreams and constraints that make up your WHY and are likely the reason you undertook financial planning in the first place? These seem to enter that conversation only rarely.

I know why this is: values are squishy things that are difficult to quantify. In fact, you might have difficulty even articulating them to your planner in the first place, which is why I’m writing about how to put words around your values so that you can eventually put actions around your words.

Today, I’m examining the many ways you can put your values into action through your cash flow.

Show Me The Money

Cash flow is at once the easiest and hardest way to put your values into action. It’s super easy to support the people and causes which you value with cash out of your own pocket, or to stop spending your dollars on things that do harm - no planning needed. It’s direct and to the point, which is why there are so many axioms about it:

Put your money where your mouth is.

Vote with your wallet.

Show me your calendar and your bank statement, and I’ll show you what you really value.

But money, like time, is so ubiquitous that it’s practically invisible. We use it up every day on necessary things, and then wake up and do it all again the next day. It’s hard to look up from paying the mortgage, buying groceries, and filing your taxes to wrestle with how to keep doing those things but in a way that supports your values. Believe me, I know.

So how, exactly, do you support your value of Safety & Security with your cash flow? Or your values around Family, Freedom, Achievement & Success, or Community?

I thought a lot about this as we were planning for this series of articles, and have dusted off my old friend Design Thinking to help you find the answer for yourself (because of course I did).

Your Values in Action

The first step is always to empathize, the Design Thinking word for “do your homework”. You need to set aside your assumptions about the world and the “normal” way things are done, so you can gain real insight into yourself and what is most important to you.

With a deeper understanding of what it is you value, you need to define how this will manifest in what you do (and don’t) spend your money on.

This will look different for everyone, but here are a few examples to get you started:

  • You might value freedom and security, dream of cultivating a vegetable garden and outfitting your home with alternative heat and water sources to reduce your reliance on private utilities and food manufacturing.

  • You might value family, which may involve supporting parents from a distance during the pandemic by paying for grocery delivery, and hopping on a plane to see them as soon as it’s safe to do so.

  • You might value achievement and success, which could manifest in pursuing an advanced degree (or two, or five).

This is a crucial step, so don’t skip it. One of the questions I always ask my clients is “what does success look like for you?” and the people who spend time really thinking about it are hands down the ones who get the most out of life.

Once you know what success looks like, you can ideate all the many paths you might take to get there. This is always a fun exercise, since it’s literally brainstorming with no limits. I recommend pouring yourself a nice drink, grabbing several sheets of paper and a nice sharp pencil, and writing down every possible way you can spend your money on manifesting your values. Every idea counts, even the ones that start with “buy a lottery ticket and…” or “quit my job and…”

Building a prototype can be as simple as recalculating how much you can spend on eating out and setting up a monthly transfer to your savings account. Or it might be as challenging as finding an alternative to Amazon. Fortunately, prototyping and testing go hand in hand, so if today’s cash flow plan isn’t moving you closer to your values, make a new one! If it’s really not working, speak to a cash flow specialist who can guide you through building a system that works for your unique situation.

Cash flow is simultaneously one of the hardest and easiest financial planning tools to align with your values. It takes hard work to build a values-based cash flow system, but the rewards can be immediate and are always so worthwhile.

Financial Planning
January's Top Reads

January is a month of lists: resolutions, top movies, best books, funniest memes...you name it, someone’s listed it. And expects you to read it. You know, while you’re digging out your inbox, and dealing with rising case counts, and having your kids at home again, and...and...and...

And here’s another list in your inbox (lol sob)

The goal of this feature has always been to reduce the amount of things you need to pay attention to, by picking out a few items we found interesting from a month’s worth of articles, podcasts, and newsletters, and keep you from feeling like you have to drink from the firehose to stay informed.

So - as always - here’s a shorter than normal list of articles you may find interesting or informative.

Unlike last month, my top three pieces are about different topics: one about how daily routines free up your brain to deal with stressful situations, one about how to spot (and avoid) financial news that isn’t actually news, and one on resolving to create an estate plan as a way to show your love for the people you may leave behind.

Up next, if you need just a bit more reading, there’s a piece from our friends at Clever Girl Finance about the cost of indecision, a long-form piece on the benefits of laziness (I’m in!), one surefire trick from Downtown Josh Brown to avoid bear markets, a look back and hopeful view forward of how to persist in the ongoing fight to create a just society from Shree Paradkar, a critique of the new work-from-home tax credit from policy expert John Stapleton, and a surprisingly fun look at what would have happened if you only invested at market peaks.

Take what you want, leave the rest, and don’t stress, friends.

Pandemic-Proof Your Habits

From Kate Murphy

“The truth is that you cannot control what happens in life. But you can create a routine that gives your life a predictable rhythm and secure mooring. This frees your brain to develop perspective so you’re better able to take life’s surprises in stride.”

Read more here.

The Next Year Foretold

From Jonathan Clements

“The markets aren’t predictable—but the talking heads sure are. Like a dog with a favorite fire hydrant, financial commentators return to the same themes again and again. The silver lining: There’s no need to waste hundreds of hours in 2021 reading the business section and watching financial news channels, because we already know what the pundits will be saying next year—and probably the year after that and the year after that.”

Read more here.

New Year’s Resolutions: “creating yourself” and your estate plan in 2021

From Anne McFarlane

"Many of us will make resolutions this week in an effort to “create ourselves”; some to stick to a budget, exercise more, or read more books. These are all great goals, but what about a resolution to take care of ourselves, our loved ones, and our wealth through careful, thoughtful estate planning?

This can seem daunting, complicated, and overwhelming. Those of us in the field often forget just how much of a struggle it can be when it’s not your day-to-day life. Below is the list of some ways you can gently ease yourself into creating your estate plan this year:"

Read more here.

You can read this month's entire list below:

How Indecisiveness Affects Your Finances | Marissa Geannette

“There is always a way to recover from a bad financial decision, but if you never make one, you will never know what could be.”

The benefits of laziness: why being a lazy person can be good for you | Anne-Laure Le Cunff

“Laziness is often the other side of the productivity coin. Rather than a sign of inefficiency and unproductivity, it can be the result of smart work freeing up time for well-deserved idleness. Furthermore, it can be the trigger for smart work in and of itself.”

How to avoid bear markets | Josh Brown

“Wake up in twenty years and wonder why your portfolio is running in place. And then cry like a baby. ‘Why was I investing for minimum loss rather than for maximum return? What charlatan convinced me of that?’”

2020: A year that marked a new awakening - and reignited the last century’s battle for civil rights | Shree Paradkar

“We may be on a road many times travelled but I believe we are also at the cusp of real possibility. Backlash is inevitable. So is change. The only way ahead is to keep pushing for it, and with hope.”

New personal tax deduction wrongly favours the well-off | John Stapleton

“The people who need tax breaks of any kind are not the well to do. They are the people at the bottom who are struggling. And those struggling most during the pandemic are low income people and this new deduction is being administered smack dab in the middle.”

[VIDEO] What if you only invested at market peaks? |  The Compound

 “With a long enough time horizon, even bad decisions can be smoothed out by compound interest”

Great Reads
December's Top Reads

Friends, welcome to the end of 2020. We made it! Deep breaths all around.

My final Top Reads is meant specifically for those of us who are burnt out and in desperate need of a rest. While there are some great articles around retirement, investing, and financial management, the ones I don’t want you to miss are all from coaches who specialize in transformation. I don’t know about you, but even a little transformation here and there would be very welcome.

I recommend you begin with “Your Surge Capacity is Depleted - It’s Why You Feel Awful” from Tara Haelle for a reminder of all the reasons you’re probably not okay right now. Follow it up with “Shot, But Too Stubborn to Fall Down” from Dr. Moira Somers for permission to rest, dammit.

When you’re good and rested, read “Envisioning a Future When Anything Could Happen”, by Marcia Reyolds, and then get to work on appreciating everything you (yes, YOU) did to get yourself to today so you can start getting yourself to a tomorrow you’re happy about by reading “The Truth About Results: It’s Largely in What You Can’t See” by Jacquette Timmons.

If you read nothing else, read those, and in that order.

Those of you with energy to spare and time to spend it on reading can get into Meg Bartelt’s post about making financial decisions when the future is (always) unknowable, and another post from Jacquette Timmons about the fundamental difference between giving financial advice and asking good questions (Yes, she’s on almost every list and yes, I love her). You can also take an intimate look at how “Covid long-haulers” are seeing their symptoms written off as subjective, and just how maddening and isolating that is.

For the retirement-minded, there are a pair of articles from the team at Your Retirement Researcher, including the following:

Rounding out the list are articles from Dan Mikulskis and Robin Powell about investing at all-time highs (it happens more often than you probably realize), what your job as an investor actually is (hint: it’s not outperforming), and - for any parents with the bandwidth to think about...anything, really - a video from Hadriana Leo about why you pay an allowance to your kids and how to ensure the delivery is consistent with the reason you’re doing it in the first place.

Your 'Surge Capacity' Is Depleted - It's Why You Feel Awful

From Tara Haelle

"I might have intellectually accepted back in March that the next two years (or more?) are going to be nothing like normal, and not even predictable in how they won’t be normal. But cognitively recognizing and accepting that fact and emotionally incorporating that reality into everyday life isn’t the same."

Read more here.

Shot, But Too Stubborn to Fall Down

From Dr. Moira Somers

“So here’s my best advice to you: Fall down, dammit. Fall down, and stay there for a while. Do it voluntarily, preemptively, proactively, before your mind and/or your body remove all choice from you. Step away from the desk; put down the tools; turn off the phone and computer.”

Read more here.

Envisioning A Future When Anything Could Happen

From Marcia Reynolds

“Visions are still vital. I also believe they need to be regularly assessed based on shifts in both daily life and personal desires. Innovation is opening doors while world events are shutting some. This doesn’t mean opportunities are decreasing. As the adage says, ‘One door closes, another one opens.’ Even a crisis can both narrow and expand possibilities. You don’t want to give up on the dream you’ve worked hard to achieve but how you live out your dream might be expanding or changing over time.”

Read more here.

The Truth About Results: It's Largely in What You Can't See

From Jacquette Timmons

“When you celebrate your wins, you know you’re not just celebrating the result. You’re also showing appreciation for what is invisible to others, but that you know was critical to your success.”

Read more here.

You can read this month's entire list below:

Reasonable but Arbitrary: The Best You Can Do with Many Financial Decisions | Meg Bartelt

“Embrace the unknowability of it all. Realize that personal finance—whether you’re doing it yourself or working with a professional or reading books—is both science and art. That art part is where the “reasonable but arbitrary” comes in. You have to get comfortable with the fact that you will not, can not, know the answers. No one can. And don’t believe anyone who says they do.”

Here Are the Money Questions I Wished People Asked | Jacquette Timmons

“Questions like these herein can help you deepen your relationship with money from all sides. It can help you understand the relationship you’ve had with it; the one you currently have with it; and what you can do to shape your future relationship with it. All questions serve a purpose. So technically no question is “bad.” It’s just that some are “better” than others. These are the ones that invite you to go deep and learn more about yourself – and those around you.”

I'm hesitant to identify myself as a Covid-19 long-hauler | Pooja Yerramilli

“We have not discussed how we will approach their prolonged debilitation; the financial and equity implications of their inability to work; and the psychological sequelae of feeling sick and cast aside. If we continue to reject that their symptoms warrant investigation and treatment simply because they are not understood, these people will inevitably be alienated from the medical establishment and forced, like other “NOS” patients, to seek compassion and care only from each other.”

Advice for investing at all-time highs | Dan Mikulskis

“Competing narratives abound in markets all the time, but never more so than at a new high. Smart-sounding people have, and always will make headlines with compelling sounding arguments for bubbles, euphoria and over-valuation (a secret: fear sells). The most valuable advice you might ever read is to ignore them.”

Not Your Job | Robin Powell

“Your real benchmark isn’t beating the stock market. Instead, it’s how you’re performing relative to the goals that you’ve set. This approach may not sound as heroic and sexy as the image of the individual investor bravely second-guessing the market. But it will almost certainly yield superior long-term results.”

What If The 4% Rule For Retirement Withdrawals is Now the 5% Rule? | Ben Carlson

 “You also have to consider no one actually lives their life in a spreadsheet. Something like the 4% rule is a rough guide that assumes a fairly linear path of spending. Every financial plan should be open-ended because the whole point of the planning process is making corrections as reality meets your built-in expectations.”

Your Retirement Number is Meaningless | Bob French

"There’s no right answer here. And that’s the point. Everyone’s different. And that means everyone’s retirement plans should be different. Anyone talking about retirement numbers is missing the point, and probably trying to make it easier for their sales folks to sell you something."

How does assisted dying impact survivor pensions? | Jason Heath

“I am 84 and in poor health, suffering from two cancers. I currently receive a public service pension from the federal government and my Canada Pension Plan benefits. If I should decide to have assisted suicide, would that affect the pensions my wife would receive?”

Does your retirement plan account for your own cognitive decline? | Wade Pfau

"Declining abilities to do financial calculations and other types of cognitive impairment make it increasingly difficult to manage a complex investment and withdrawal strategy as you age."

[Video] Thinking of Giving an Allowance? 4 Considerations | Hadriana Leo

"Make sure you're very clear about why you're issuing the allowance...If we're to teach our children about money, they need to have it to spend. Are you issuing an allowance to teach money lessons? Or as a reward for work done?"

Great Reads
The Math and Strategy of Retirement Planning: A Case Study

Wouldn’t it be great to figure out your retirement, set it… and forget it? As I mentioned in November’s Rebuilding Retirement case study, retirement isn’t a destination. It’s an ongoing process.

In my final case study of 2020, I thought I’d give you one last peek into retirement planning with Ben and Leslie, who were just about ready to retire… and then the pandemic made them wonder if the plan I’d created together made sense anymore.

Meet Leslie and Ben, Ready to Retire

Leslie and Ben are in their early 60s, with two grown children and a grandson. Leslie had already retired when I met her, and Ben was planning to retire in the spring of 2020.

Ben and Leslie had read some of the key books I read (and recommend!) and gave a lot of thought to their retirement finances. They’d considered their core expenses as well as their dream expenses and came up with a range. Since Leslie is a super math nerd and has had a little time on her hands now that she’s retired, she created her own spreadsheets to try and calculate their ability to retire successfully - she even contacted my friend Doug Runchey to get an expert calculation on their Canada Pension Plan benefits.

The math had been done and yet… both Ben and Leslie felt like they were missing some key information. Had they asked all the questions? Had they considered all their possibilities? Are there other factors that a professional planner might consider? Is there more to retirement planning than projections?

Isn’t Retirement Planning Just About the Math?

Initially, Leslie thought that the best way to go might be to provide me with her plan and have me try to poke holes in that. However, my experience in attempting this in the past told me that I’d end up simply telling them how to fix their process (or what was unfixable) and still not arrive at any helpful conclusions.

A large part of successful financial planning is knowing the right questions to ask, in order to truly shape, design, and define your future. The next step is determining what to pay attention to out of the endless amount of information available, and how that focus will get you the answers that you need. After that is the math and the strategy - where Leslie and Ben had reasonably started - considering the information that’s available about retirement planning.

Then, of course, there are contemplating potential risks such as fluctuating rates of return, longer than average lifespan, health costs, elder care, and who knows what else - and how to handle them. Finally, are all the right legal documents in place and the assets owned in a way that the legal documents work well in reality… and what’s left for the kids?

Leslie and Ben had done some work on the retirement math but they knew that they needed help with the rest of the puzzle. They spoke to me about their dreams and I agreed to help them assess their retirement strategies for risks, opportunities, income tax minimization (which hadn’t played into Leslie’s spreadsheets just yet).

Retirement Planning in Action

Before their Foundation Meeting, I sent over a brief video called Watch Me First that gave them a brief walkthrough of the report they would be reviewing together during their meeting. This video clarified that the purpose of the Foundation Meeting was really about data validation and goal shaping - but not yet about solutions.

During the Foundation Meeting, I had a lot of questions. First, I walked through the assumptions I would be making in their plan, regarding income and expenses, account values, inflation rates and more. From there, I clarified their goals around a cottage purchase they wanted to make in retirement. Was the number based on a specific idea? Had they thought about property transfer taxes? Where in priority did the cottage fit in relation to their other goals? Would they accept a smaller cottage if that meant more security for elder care? More questions were asked about replacing vehicles, gifting to children, the pension option Leslie had selected, the various options available for Ben’s pension, and more.

Ben and Leslie felt really confident at the end of this meeting that their financial plan would be based on goals they felt energized about, and a lifestyle that they really wanted in retirement. They understood how the projections would be created, and were excited about the outcome.

Now, I was ready to go to work, and here’s what I found:

Leslie and Ben’s reliable income - the guaranteed stuff from pensions - is projected to be enough to cover their “core expenses” - the basics of their lifestyle - all the way to their projected life expectancy. This is before even touching their investment portfolio, which could manage the costs of their “dream” expenses as well as potential health care costs, emergencies, and elder care. There would be lots of money left for their children and grandchildren, plus their home and their cottage.

Then, I ran some worst-case scenarios, because Ben and Leslie were concerned that there was even more risk than they knew. These scenarios, which tested their portfolio against some of the worst market returns in history, ate up a lot of their portfolio, but they still were able to cover costs (even with their dream expenses, emergencies, and potential costs) all the way to the end of their projected life expectancy, plus another decade. Their home and cottage were left for their kids, along with the equivalent of about $41,000 in today’s dollars in the bank.

If Ben and Leslie’s personal sequence of market returns and inflation ends up being just as bad but not worse as what’s gone on in the past century (a century that included two World Wars, multiple economic crises, and a global pandemic, to only briefly scratch the surface), they will be fine even if they live a very long, active life together.

If the future is worse for investors than anything experienced in the past century, then at some point in the next 30 years, Ben and Leslie will be faced with the choice of reducing some of their dream expenses in order to maintain their home and cottage for their kids, or sell one of their properties to maintain spending. Their core comfortable lifestyle would not be in jeopardy.

The plan was set: Ben would retire in May of 2020, and they would ride off into the retirement sunset with confidence. A happy, tidy ending.

Except successful retirement planning is - and always will be - planning. As in: never finished, always responding to circumstances, never tidy.

Along Came COVID...Does Everything Change?

Ben and Leslie were fortunate to have the resources they needed to stay safe at home, but seeing the devastation the pandemic was wreaking and looking ahead to how it might unfold over years created quite reasonable anxiety for them. Did it still make sense for Ben to retire? Wouldn’t the prudent choice be for him to continue working until all this uncertainty worked itself out of life and the markets?


To help think through this choice, I led them through the results of their plan again. With the stress-test results in front of them, I asked them to consider the following questions:

Do we think that the markets today are worse than the very worst of what has happened in recorded market history?

Understanding that we can’t actually know the significance of this decision today, what will you regret most looking back: deciding to retire now, and realizing later it was the wrong financial decision? Or deciding to delay retirement and realizing later you didn’t have to?

What guarantee would you prefer: always maintaining your core and dream spending, increasing regularly as inflation plays its tricks, for the rest of your lives? Or spending as much as you can (within reason) while you’re young and active, knowing that you may need to cut back later in life?

Are you focusing on Ben’s retirement date as the one thing you can control amidst so much uncertainty… and potentially elevating the importance of this decision beyond the impact we can reasonably expect it to have in the future?

The purpose of retirement planning - beyond the math - is to minimize regret in the face of an uncertain future. Although I couldn’t make this decision for them - as much as they may have wanted me to - I asked Ben and Leslie to follow the same retirement income planning process I recommend to everyone, which can be summarized as:

  • Make the best choices for the future with the best information available today;

  • Regularly review potential future outcomes based on actual portfolio values and spending to give lots of lead time for necessary adjustments; and

  • Let it go for the rest of the time.

This is the work I love to do, and as you can see, it goes far beyond the math. I’d be delighted to do the same for you.

Front Page, Retirement
October's Top Reads

Here we are, well into fall...already? What even is time, anyway? Next thing you know it’ll be 2021 and all this will be over, right? RIGHT?

The amount of creative energy we’re all using just to get through life these days is enormous, and you may not have much leftover for reading All The Things, which is exactly why I compile this list every month. I read the things so you don’t have to (unless you want to, obviously), and share the few that resonated with me.

To start you off easy, I have a great read that’s not a read at all! The Money on the Table video series from Julien and Kiersten Saunders is a must-watch for anyone with parents who are or may become financially dependent on them. Spend 40 minutes with them and Julien’s mother in episode three, and then do yourself a favour and watch the other episodes too.

Next up, I have an article from our favourite Bitches getting Riches about how using your post-secondary studies to learn key skills like “managing people, priorities, time, data, and (most importantly) yourself” can be more valuable than technical industry know-how. Finally, I found an article for all you new to the working from home scene on what WFH expenses you can and can’t deduct from your income come next year’s tax filing season, and the supporting information you may need to request from your employer to do so.

As always, I’ve got more than just three great reads for you. If you have time, check out the following:

Happy Reading!

[VIDEO] Money on the Table: Talking to Mom About Money

From Julien & Kiersten Saunders

If you haven’t been watching this series of real-life conversations about money from Julien & Kiersten Saunders of Rich & Regular, you’ve been missing out (I mean, the food is dreamy, for one thing).

This conversation with Julien’s mom Sybil, about her childhood growing up in Jamaica, her experience as an immigrant coming to the US, and the role money played in her life is a perfect example of the kind of conversations to have with your own parents. (This episode of Because Money is another example)

As Julien & Kiersten explain, this important conversation allows you to understand how your parents’ life experience shaped how you were raised to think about money.

Watch the full video here.

Your College Major May Not Prepare You for Your Job—but It Can Prepare You for Life What Does "Good Trouble" Look Like in Your Life?

From Kitty

You bring great value to your job role just by being you, regardless of what you studied in school or learned in internships. In my observation, technical know-how and industry experience are far less important than the “soft skills” of managing people, priorities, time, data, and (most importantly) yourself."

Read the full article here.

2020 Income Tax: What you can’t—and can—claim for your work-from-home office during the COVID-19 pandemic

From Renee Sylvestre-Williams

You furnished a functional home office, you’ve got face masks ready by the door for when you need to run an errand, and you bought sanitizer (so many bottles of sanitizer). You’ve done your part to stay home and help flatten the coronavirus curve. The question now is: Can you write off working from home during the pandemic and any of these things you bought because of COVID on your taxes?

Read the full article here.

You can read this month's entire list below:

From the Diary of: Laurel Gillespie, Director of Advanced Care Planning in Canada | Amanda Levine

“Advance care planning (ACP) is about planning for your future health care needs, not just about end-of-life. Think of it more as being about how you want to live, should you become unwell and what you want your care to look and feel like—whether that’s tomorrow or years from now. Because let’s face it, we don’t know what’s coming. Not one person has ever said: 'The next time I die…”

I LOVE Abstract Conversations About Money; Do You? | Jacquette Timmons

“It is so much better to follow the spirit of a financial tactic and find what’s suitable for your current circumstances than it is to unquestionably follow a financial rule. Strategic adaptation is key and is what will set you up for success”

Losing Strength | Chris Enns

“Building that buffer is a priority, no matter what you’re trying to do. It’s really hard to pay off debt, save for a big thing, build a home or business while playing jump rope with zero.”

Abundance Mindset is About More than Money | K. Wright

“How many times do we hold on tightly to an unhealthy friendship, partnership, or job because we fear we’ll never find anything else comparable? Although it might seem like keeping that connection is what we need, the longer we hold onto it even when we know it no longer serves us, the longer we limit ourselves from other opportunities.”

[VIDEO] Making the Best of New Beginnings | Hadriana Leo

“Stop planning and start already.”

The names are never the same | Larry Swedroe

“When she asked him to provide the list of recommended funds from five years ago, he stared at her with the look of a deer caught in the headlights. He had gone through A.G. Jones’ intensive sales program. The training program had taught him to ask questions like ‘You don’t want to be average, do you?’ But it had not prepared him for this question. He was taught to sell, and obfuscate, but not to answer questions like this.”

8 Ways To Feel Financially Secure | Owen Winkelmolen

“When talking about financial security, it’s important to differentiate between BEING financially secure and actually FEELING financially secure. It’s possible to BE financially secure but not FEEL that way. It’s possible to be in a great financial position but without the right knowledge, routines and plans, it may not actually feel that way.”

Investing Experts on an Earlier Version of the World | Ben Carlson

“The world of finance is littered with people who are experts on an earlier version of the world. They rely exclusively on specific backtests, formulas and strategies that would have worked wonderfully in the past.”

Guide to inflation: Price changes, the pandemic, and your pocketbook | Alexandra MacQueen

“Canadians’ lived experience of rising costs may be inadequately captured in the official measurement of inflation.”

Great Reads